Metal Stamping Die
Metal stamping die is mainly used in industries such as automotive, electronics, instrument manufacturing, construction facilities, aerospace, and defense engineering. The products used are mainly for electronics, automobiles, appliances, instruments, household appliances, and connectors.
Sheet Metal Stamping Dies
Sheet metal stamping dies are produced in large quantities by stamping presses. These stamping molds are manufactured through equipment to obtain the desired shape. This type of stamping die is generally suitable for producing stamping molds of various shapes and sizes, which have the advantage of high precision. With high dimensional accuracy and stability, the use of precision metal stamping die is very high, and Sheet metal custom stamping die is widely used in multiple manufacturing industries. In daily life, Sheet metal stamping dies are ubiquitous. Household appliances, car bodies, connectors, and other products are all manufactured using stamping molds, which require the use of high-precision metal molds. The structure of the stamping die consists of fixed plate and discharge plate parts, which have high strength and toughness performance. Due to the development of high-precision machinery, Sheet metal stamping dies have become a widely used process.
The Selection Principles of Sheet Metal Stamping Dies
In the process of manufacturing Sheet metal stamping dies, various metal materials are used, including alloy steel, cast iron, cast steel, hard alloy, zinc-based alloy, aluminum bronze, etc. The materials used for producing Sheet metal stamping dies have various properties, most of which have advantages such as high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance, nondeformation during heat treatment, and less susceptibility to cracking during quenching.
Operators should ensure the selection of appropriate mold materials and the correct heat treatment methods. The above two steps play a crucial role in the service life of metal plate progressive molds. Based on the different performances of stamping molds, comprehensive consideration should be given to their working type, force direction, advantages of the processed material, manufacturing batch, and productivity, and emphasis should be placed on the above-mentioned performance requirements. Then, the correct selection of material type and heat treatment process should be made.
When manufacturers manufacture large quantities of components, the raw materials for the concave-convex molds of stamping molds should have high-quality and wear-resistant metal molds. Due to the increasing requirements for mold manufacturing, technicians also need to correspondingly improve the material of other process structures and parts in other structural parts of the mold. When operators produce small batches of products, the performance of each material is different, so they need to choose the corresponding raw materials based on the purpose of the workpiece.
If technicians find that the material used for stamping is hard or not easily deformed during the stamping process, the material selected for the concave-convex die of stamping die should have good wear resistance and high strength. When drawing metal materials, aluminum bronze dies are usually used for processing because they have good adhesion resistance, which is the ability of the same or different materials to stick together after contact. Due to the good wear resistance and toughness of low-carbon steel, this material is generally used on guide pillars and sleeves.
Another type of carbon tool steel has the disadvantage of poor hardenability, as it still has lower center hardness after quenching in large-sized cross-sections of die components. If products with complex structures work on a press, carbon tool steel has excellent impact resistance, which is beneficial for production. Regarding some fixed plates and discharge plates, these components need to have extremely high strength and also require minimal deformation during the manufacturing process. In addition, operators will also adopt measures such as cold treatment, vacuum treatment, and surface improvement to enhance the performance of stamping die parts.
Choose sheet metal stamping die materials with advantages of high hardness, strength, toughness, and wear resistance, and the materials should also have good requirements for red hardness and thermal fatigue strength. This is to help improve cold extrusion molds with poor working conditions for convex or concave molds.
Emphasize the manufacturing performance of materials and the existing conditions of manufacturers. If there are specified requirements for the manufacturing of sheet metal stamping dies, operators will choose mold materials with corresponding properties. Choosing the right materials is beneficial for improving the quality of the workpiece.
Main Components of Sheet Metal Stamping Dies
1.Positioning Parts
Positioning parts are parts that determine the installation position of the mold, and there are many positioning parts, such as positioning plates, material blocking plates, guide plates, side presses, etc. When designing positioning parts, attention should be paid to the convenience of production and manufacturing steps, which should not make the operation more complex and facilitate the observation of operators. Therefore, forward positioning and guide pins will be widely used.
2.Working Parts
The working parts are convex mold, concave mold, convex mold fixing plate, base, upper support, discharge plate, and cushion plate. The convex mold and the concave mold are two important parts of the mold as they form the blank. The function of a concave die is to stamp the shape of a part, while a convex die is to stamp the hole or inner shape of a part. The concave-convex mold has good precision, good strength, and avoids breakage or damage during the production process. It also has appropriate heat treatment performance.
3.Tightening Parts
Including screws, nuts, springs, washers, and other parts. Most operators use standard parts. In stamping molds, standard parts are commonly used, and the design selects the correct parts to meet the needs of fastening and elastic ejection. To prevent the fasteners from being exposed to the surface operation position and avoid danger to employees.
4.Guiding Parts
The most widely used guiding components are guide sleeves and guide pillars. They are conducive to achieving the requirement of precise clearance between the convex and concave molds during stamping production. The punching gap should be greater than the gap between the guide pillar and guide sleeve.
The position of the guide pillar is in the lower mold seat, ensuring that the upper-end face cannot be less than 5 millimeters above the top surface of the upper template at the dead center of the stroke, preferably between 5 and 10 millimeters. The guide pillar should not be too close to the module and the pressing plate, which helps technicians facilitate material delivery and retrieval.
5.Accept Parts
The upper and lower templates, mold handles, convex, and concave mold fixing plates, and limiters are the main supporting components. The operator sets a cushion plate under the mold frame, which helps to facilitate the progressive casting of metal plates.
The various parts used in the metal plate progressive die should have sufficient strength and stiffness to prevent shape changes and damage during use. If loose fastening parts are found, employees should take timely measures to tighten the parts and reduce the occurrence of dangerous accidents. During the manufacturing process, there should be no phenomenon of workpiece missiles to prevent injury to operators.
Bending Process of Sheet Metal Stamping Dies
This is a process of bending sheet metal on a press. There are many shapes of workpiece bending, such as O-shaped workpieces, Z-shaped workpieces, U-shaped workpieces, etc. Although there are so many shapes to make, the bending process and the steps to change them are all the same.
The structure of a bending die includes an upper die seat, convex die fixing plate, bending convex die, bending concave die, lower die seat, material blocking block, small guide pillar, etc. The working part of the bending die mainly consists of the radius of the rounded corners, the gap between the concave and convex molds, and the industry size. The process of bending on a press mainly involves the following steps:
- Operators manufacture high-quality stamping molds based on the design requirements of components and the advantages of metal sheets.
- Before starting production, the metal sheet will be placed on the processing equipment, and the mold will be in the correct position to ensure that the metal sheet enters the mold according to the correct steps for the bending process.
- Bending processing: Using a press, the metal plate will be bent by upper and lower molds. During the processing, the metal plate is subjected to strong pressure by the mold, to bend the metal plate to meet the designed shape requirements.
- Inspection and adjustment: After completing the bending process, the finished product needs to be inspected to ensure that the bending angle and size meet the requirements. If necessary, adjustments can be made to the mold or process parameters.
- Complete the product: After completing the bending process, carefully inspect the workpiece. After checking for accuracy, proceed with machining until all machining steps are completed.
- Calculation of Bending Force
The important factor in designing molds and press tonnage is the bending force. Bending force is closely related to many aspects, such as the performance of raw materials, bending radius, mold clearance, bending method, etc. Although calculating bending force is a complex process, technicians generally use empirical formulas to calculate bending force. Select the corresponding equipment based on the calculated bending force and total pressure.
In the bending process of stamping dies made of sheet metal, the closing height of the press controls the gap between the concave and convex molds. The rebound and quality of bent parts will be affected by the gap between the concave and convex molds.
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